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You are here: Home / Archives for Nasheman

FIFA World Cup 2022: Argentina Crowned As World Champions

December 19, 2022 by Nasheman

Lionel Messi

CHENNAI: Rosario’s rose-tinted boy finally has the World Cup trophy, Two years after losing Diego Maradona, a football-obsessed, trophy-starved nation will look up to the heavens not thinking about the past but about the present. Thirty-six years after one of Argentina’s greatest sporting heroes delivered them the sport’s holy grail, they have once again reached the promised land.  

Holders France, who had the opportunity to become the first team to go back-to-back since  Brazil in 1958 and 1962, were expected to seriously challenge for the title. And they did. After taking time to enter into the encounter — Argentina were winning 2-0 with 10 minutes left on the clock when the defending champions belatedly woke up — they threatened to spoil Lionel Messi’s dream farewell.  

From 2-0 and one hand on the trophy, France scored twice inside 100 seconds to equalise. The identity of both those goals was Kylian Mbappe, whose hat trick illuminated a packed Lusail Stadium.

Messi had scored one and contributed to a thrilling counter-attacking goal to make it 2-0 before Mbappe showed why he’s ideally placed to replace Messi as the best player in world football. In the second half of extra time, Messi added a third, his second of the evening that just dribbled over the line before it was cleared (it was clearly over), before Mbappe added a third from the penalty spot.

Both teams had at least one very presentable chance to win it in 120 minutes after it became 3-3 — Emiliano Martinez made himself big to deny Kolo Muani from close range when it seemed difficult to miss — before Lautaro Martinez headed wide with seconds remaining on the clock.

In the shoot-out, Argentina, as they had shown against the Netherlands, kept their nerve. Both Mbappe and Messi took responsibility to open and succeeded. Kingsley Coman, who shone throughout the match after coming in as a substitute, saw his penalty saved before Paulo Dybala gave his country daylight. When Aurelien Tchouameni shanked his penalty wide, the grins on the Argentines became wider. The roars became louder. And they were confirmed as world champions after both Leandro Paredes and Gonzalo Montiel, who conceded a penalty for handball in extra time atoned for his error.


The match itself was largely pedestrian in terms of quality before France’s late onslaught. It’s possible they took time to get going because of a flu that had been going on in their camp.

While that may have been a factor in Les Bleus’ poor start, what changed the momentum from the very off was the inclusion of Angel di Maria. Even before the opening goal, Argentina were playing the kind of football they like to play. Front-foot, energetic and full of freedom. That kind of ethos was why coach Lionel Scaloni opted to bring Di Maria, an attacking player, in place of Leandro Paredes, a defensive midfielder.

It made wonders as Di Maria, before being substituted just past the hour mark, had scored, assisted and given the French right-back, Jules Kounde, a horrible evening.

Perhaps, it’s not a surprise. Di Maria is one of the biggest big-game players in modern Argentine history. That is especially true for his country. Coming into the match, he had scored winners at the 2008 Olympics as well as at the Copa America final in 2021.

In Doha, the 34-year-old ran with a childish vigour. It left France with multiple migraines. His goal at the time seemed like sticking the knife into an already limp France performance. It was a move that was started by Julian Alvarez, and involved Messi before Alexis Mac Allister squared for Di Maria to score. It was coast to coast in the blink of an eye.

In that same blink of an eye, the match turned as France came back. Mbappe, who will surely go on to break all World Cup goalscoring records, scored two in the time it takes to wash a hand properly these days. Then Messi and Mbappe traded a goal each before Martinez, one of the best keepers from 12 yards, stood out to give his country a third World Cup title.

As Montiel found the back of the net to lift 36 years of hurt, Messi, standing in the centre circle, slumped to his knees. The man who had famously been slagged off for not feeling Argentine enough, a man who had been attacked by a few of his compatriots for not singing the national anthem with passion had had a big hand in winning the title they crave.

Filed Under: Sports, World

Automobile industry looks to sustain growth momentum in 2023

December 19, 2022 by Nasheman

NEW DELHI: The Indian automobile industry is setting out on a journey with hopes for a sustained growth momentum in 2023 and further embracing clean technology amid the lurking speed breakers of rising interest rates and cost increases due to new emission and safety norms, having witnessed a strong comeback from the COVID-led downturn this year. 

While the passenger vehicles (PV) segment is set for record sales in 2022 despite the lingering effects of supply chain constraints and semiconductor shortages, the two-wheeler space is yet to see sustained sales buoyancy after having suffered for most of the year.

According to industry estimates, PV sales can reach around 38 lakh units this year.

The three-wheelers and commercial vehicles segments have also witnessed good growth in 2022 compared to 2021, albeit on a low base of last year, which was affected by the second wave of COVID-19 and manufacturers will be keen to carry forward the momentum to the new year.

As per industry observers, 2023 will also see acceleration in adoption of electric vehicles, which has already started taking root in 2022, especially in the two-wheelers segment.

For potential passenger vehicle buyers, 2023 may not ring in the best news as vehicle prices are set to increase next year as companies prepare to conform to stricter emission norms which kick in from April 1, 2023.

Many manufacturers like Maruti Suzuki, Tata Motors and Hyundai have already announced plans to increase prices from January next year.

Besides, rising interest rates and not so bright global economic situation and its impact on India in the days to come are some of the factors which are keeping the industry in a cautious mode.

“Increase in price always has a certain negative impact on sales. But we still do not know how much the prices will go up and what will happen to input cost and foreign exchange. These are uncertainties which will always be there,” Maruti Suzuki India Chairman R C Bhargava told PTI.

He, however, stated that the domestic car industry has revived in the last few months and the semiconductor shortages are also going to abate in 2023.

“Putting it all together, our estimate would be that next year would probably be a reasonably good year for the industry. I think we should do at least as well if not better than 2022,” Bhargava said.

The country’s largest carmaker will keep bringing in cars, especially more SUV models, to cater to the customer demand, he noted.

Industry body Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM) Director General Rajesh Menon said the passenger vehicle industry adopted the second phase of fuel efficiency regulations this year from April 2022 and is gearing up to meet the stringent second phase of BS VI emission norms from April 2023.

Discussions are also underway to implement various new safety regulations for passenger vehicles in 2023, he said.

“Implementation of these new regulations could raise the cost of the vehicles and this coupled with global recessionary trends are of concern going forward in the year 2023,” Menon pointed out.

Besides, with rising inflation, the RBI was compelled to increase the repo rates a couple of times this year and this increase in interest rate can impact the demand trends for all vehicle segments, he cautioned.

Though the overall numbers from January to November 2022 have shown appreciable growth for all segments including passenger vehicles, this has been achieved in the backdrop of a low base in 2021, which was affected by the second wave of COVID-19, Menon stated.

Mahindra & Mahindra (M&M) Executive Director (Auto and Farm Sectors) Rajesh Jejurikar, however, remained confident about the industry maintaining the current sales momentum.

“At M&M, all models will comply with BS-VI.2 norms as per timelines set by the government and the price / cost difference may not be as steep as it was for the BS-IV to BS-VI transition,” he asserted.

While acknowledging that the semiconductor shortage continues to be dynamic and rising input costs and interest rates are some other challenges that the industry is managing, he remained optimistic about sales momentum continuing next year.

“Apart from these headwinds, we look forward to an action-packed 2023 on the back of huge demand from customers,” Jejurikar said.

Tata Motors Managing Director – Passenger Vehicle and Electric Vehicles Shailesh Chandra pointed out that it would be worthwhile to see the impact of macroeconomic factors like inflationary pressure on the industry.

“I would say that the growth is going to be high this year but next year on a very high base, with the interplay of so many tailwinds and headwinds, it would be still growth, but to what extent that growth would be on the high base, that will be seen,” he noted.

Kia India Chief Sales Officer Myung-sik Sohn said stricter emission norms are a positive for the industry’s collective efforts of trying to minimise pollution from vehicles.

However, they will surely have an impact on vehicle prices.

“You will see a hike in prices across all OEMs, but looking at the high demand for cars currently, we expect little impact on sales momentum,” he noted.

Automotive dealer’s body Federation of Automobile Dealers Associations (FADA) noted that the PV segment still continues to hold a strong order book for several models which is expected to continue for a few months.

“The OEMs (original equipment manufacturers) need to continue with the creation of excitement through new launches, product upgrades etc. We expect the production soon to be back to normal and we can bring down the long waiting period to normal,” FADA President Manish Raj Singhania stated.

The long waiting period and flexible consumer behaviour during the festive season have helped the industry to see movement in the segment, but once the demand and supply balance is restored, the slow-moving models will be a challenge for the industry, Singhania said.

Commenting on the sales growth outlook, ICRA Vice President and Sector Head Corporate Ratings Rohan Kanwar Gupta said the rating agency expects the industry demand to remain steady and volumes to grow by 6-9 per cent in FY2024.

“The capex outlay for OEMs is estimated to remain heightened (an estimated outlay of Rs 650 billion over FY2023-FY2025, with the OEMs also budgeting for a substantial outlay towards new product development, including development of capabilities/platforms for electric vehicles,” he added.

Elaborating on the luxury car segment, Mercedes-Benz India’s outgoing Managing Director and CEO Martin Schwenk said, “We have to see how the overall economic climate is there. Overall, confidence is there that 2023 should be a good year. The world is dynamic but at the moment, we are starting with a positive momentum into next year.”

As for the two-wheeler segment, Menon said while an increase in interest rate can impact the demand trends for all vehicle segments, the government has also hiked the long-term insurance premium, which specifically impacts the two-wheeler segment.

“Two-wheeler demand has remained weak over the past few years, with consumer sentiments impacted by factors such as income uncertainty during the pandemic period and a persistent hike in two-wheeler prices led by both regulatory changes and inflationary pressures,” ICRA’s Gupta said.

Filed Under: Business & Technology, India

Amid ED probe, Chhattisgarh CM says prepared for more such moves from Centre as polls approach

December 19, 2022 by Nasheman

RAIPUR: Amid the probe by the Enforcement Directorate in the alleged coal levy scam and the arrest of a few bureaucrats and businessmen, Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Bhupesh Baghel on Sunday called the action “vendetta politics” and said he was prepared for more such moves by the Centre.

He also slammed the Bharatiya Janata Party-led Union government for not releasing funds to Chhattisgarh, adding he would not keep silent over such injustice to his state.

In an interview to PTI, Baghel, who completed four years in office on December 17, said the schemes of his government were aimed at strengthening the rural economy and creating self-employment but admitted there were several poll promises which are yet to be fulfilled.

“We welcome action against corruption. But if the action is politically motivated then it is wrong. Whenever I campaigned in elections in other states, raids were conducted in Chhattisgarh by the central agencies,” Baghel said.

The ED has been probing a money laundering case linked to the alleged levy of money on coal and mining transporters in Chhattisgarh.

It has arrested five persons so far, including IAS officer Sameer Vishnoi and Deputy Secretary in the CM’s office Soumya Chaurasia.

“The BJP does not have acceptability among the people of Chhattisgarh anymore. Anticipating reverses in the Assembly polls (scheduled for late next year) due to the good governance of the Congress government here, the BJP has roped in central agencies to harass and defame my government. Such acts should not be done in politics,” he asserted.

Hinting at the state polls, Baghel said these central probe agencies would become “more active in the coming months” and claimed he was “mentally prepared for it”.

The 61-year-old firebrand Congress leader, who has been vocal against BJP and Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) leadership, said he shares good relations personally with the Prime Minister, Home Minister, Finance Minister, Defence Minister and all Union ministers.

“But it is my responsibility to fight in the interest of the state. I can speak, write letters and fight for my state’s rights. I don’t consider anything wrong in it. They (Centre) haven’t given Chhattisgarh’s money pending in connection with GST, coal royalty and central excise. If injustice is meted out to us then we will definitely fight,” he asserted.

Baghel said farm loan waiver, procurement of paddy at Rs 2,500 per quintal, rural industrial parks and procurement of minor forest produce and cow dung have been steps taken in the interest of common people.

“We have done a lot in these four years but not everything. There is always room for growth. We have just started and we need to take it further. We took up tasks in adverse circumstances (referring to the COVID-19 pandemic). However, there are many promises that are yet to be fulfilled,” the CM admitted.

He said his government had achieved considerable success against the Maoists but admitted it was tough to predict when the menace would completely end.

“Left Wing Extremism has now been reduced only to some pockets (in the state). The government has pushed Naxalites on the back foot with its three-pronged strategy of trust, development and security. However it is tough to say when the menace will come to an end,” he said.

Filed Under: India, News & Politics

Telangana man who got stuck between two rocks rescued after two days

December 16, 2022 by Nasheman

Kamareddy-Man-Trapped-Rescued

NIZAMABAD: After a 48-hour marathon exercise, Ch Raju, who got trapped between two boulders in an area between Singarayapalli and Ghanpur villages, was rescued on Thursday.

Raju, who belongs to Reddipet village of Kamareddy, had on Tuesday evening ventured into the hillocks to catch rabbits who generally sleep among the rocks. 

Officials said that Raju’s mobile phone had fallen inside a crevice between two boulders. While trying to retrieve his mobile phone which had fallen to a depth of 15 feet, he got trapped between the two boulders. 

Locals found him on Wednesday. The rescue operations began Wednesday afternoon.

Police, Forest and Revenue department officials used four earth movers to break the rocks followed by a controlled blast to ensure that the broken rocks did not fall on him.

Ashok, a relative of Raju, reportedly provided food to him and also gave him courage.

He was rescued around 2 pm Thursday.

Officials supplied oxygen and liquid food like fruit juice to Raju.

Raju has been admitted to Kamareddy hospital for treatment. His health is reported to be stable.

Filed Under: India, News & Politics

Ukraine needs extra gas and weapons, Zelensky tells G7

December 16, 2022 by Nasheman

Volodymyr Zelenskyy hits out at Russia

By AFP

KYIV: President Volodymyr Zelensky urged G7 nations on Monday to provide extra gas and weapons to help Ukraine survive a brutal winter that threatens to bring further suffering to millions in the war-torn country.

With snow on the ground and Ukraine’s energy grid battered by Russian strikes, many are facing freezing temperatures without power or heating.

During a video conference with the G7 club of wealthy nations on Monday, Zelensky said Ukraine needs “about two billion cubic metres” of additional gas to get through the winter.

He also urged the G7 to send more arms to Ukraine, including “modern tanks” as well as “rocket artillery and more long-range missiles”.

Western-supplied weapons have helped turn the tide in the war, and a senior US military official said Monday that Russia is likely turning to older, less reliable artillery and rocket ammunition as its newer stocks run low.

But Zelensky said “Russia still has the advantage in artillery and missiles.”

“This is a fact,” he told the G7. “These capabilities of the occupying army are the ones to fuel the Kremlin’s arrogance”.

We will survive

Meanwhile, in the strategic Ukrainian port of Ochakiv, officials are hoping the Black Sea naval base can serve to consolidate Kyiv’s gains in the southern Kherson region.

After failing to seize the port, Russian troops have been pummelling Ochakiv from the nearby Kinburn peninsula.

In the fog at the local market, 62-year-old Oleg Klyutshko said: “I am not afraid of winter… but I would like the strikes to stop. We will survive anything else.”

Kyiv says 40 per cent of Ukraine’s critical energy infrastructure has been damaged, with wave after wave of targeted Russian attacks.

The Ukrainian energy ministry said in a statement that Russian missiles had hit all of the country’s thermal power plants, while 44 overhead high-voltage power lines had also been affected.

Power company YASNO said supply limitations in Kyiv were “significant” with some 40 per cent of supplies diverted to critical infrastructure.

Oil and gas company DTEK said its specialists were “constantly looking for equipment to restore the energy infrastructure destroyed by Russia” and had agreed on contracts with European suppliers ABB and Siemens.

According to a readout issued by his office, Zelensky told the G7 “the terror against our power plants forced us to use more gas than expected”.

“This is why we need additional support over this particular winter,” he said.

The G7 groups Britain, Canada, France, Germany — which currently holds the club’s presidency — Italy, Japan and the United States.

G7 leaders agreed on key elements of a platform to coordinate financial support for Ukraine, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz said, before a summit in Paris on post-war reconstruction.

Zelensky also proposed a special summit, which he called the Global Peace Formula Summit, “to determine how and when we can implement the points of the Ukrainian Peace Formula,” which would secure Ukraine’s security and territorial integrity.

He invited the G7 industrialised nations “as well as other conscientious countries” to “show your leadership”.

The Ukrainian leader also urged Russia “to take a concrete and meaningful step towards a diplomatic settlement”.

Zelensky called on “the occupier” Moscow to leave Ukrainian territory by Christmas.

“The one who brought the war upon us has to take it away.”

Rethink’ nuclear security

An international conference hosted by France will kick off in Paris on Tuesday.

The gathering of politicians, blue-chip companies and aid agencies will focus on how Ukraine’s Western allies can provide immediate support to keep its civil infrastructure afloat amid incessant bombing by Russia.

Speaking to AFP ahead of Tuesday’s meeting, Ukraine’s energy minister German Galushchenko said in an interview that the war with Russia “completely changes our understanding of nuclear security”.

He pointed to Russia’s seizure of Ukraine’s Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant — Europe’s largest atomic facility — which has raised alarm among Western allies as shelling has continued in the area throughout the nearly 10-month conflict.

“This situation absolutely pushes us to rethink what we should do from the point of view of (nuclear) safety,” Galushchenko said. “That’s a question, too, to all the countries of the world.”

Filed Under: Muslim World, World

Sukhu meets Kharge, says ministry to be expanded after Assembly session

December 16, 2022 by Nasheman

Congress president Mallikarjun Kharge with Himachal Pradesh CM Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu and state party chief Pratibha Singh in New Delhi on Thursday. (Photo| PTI)

CHANDIGARH:  Hectic lobbying for cabinet berths are underway in Himachal Pradesh. Meanwhile, Chief Minister Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu on Thursday said that the cabinet will be formed after the upcoming assembly session.

Sukhu, along with all newly-elected MLAs of the Congress, met party chief Mallikarjun Kharge at his residence here. This was his first visit to the national capital after being elected as chief minister.
Interacting with media persons after the meeting, Sukhu said, “The Himachal Cabinet will be formed soon and you will be informed accordingly.”

“The cabinet will be formed after the Vidhan Sabha session.” He added that as he was accompanied by state Congress president Pratibha Singh and all elected MLAs, including deputy chief Minister Mukesh Agnihotri. During his meeting with legislators, Kharge told them to remain united and asked them to share power with all party workers.

He also urged them to remain connected with the grassroots level and serve the people of Himachal Pradesh earnestly. Kharge told the party leadership in the state to fill up all vacancies in the government and make appointments in the boards and corporations soon.

The Congress chief asked the chief minister to share power with party workers so that they also feel the ownership of the government and work more closely with public, sources said. The party will ensure that there is equitable share of power in the hill state between various factions, they added.

Terming the meeting as a courtesy meeting, Sukhu said, “We had come to thank the Congress president as he had campaigned for us in Himachal elections. All 40 MLAs and PCC chief Pratibha Singh has come and thanked Kharge ji on how he extended the party’s support.” “Kharge ji told us to serve the people of Himachal with our hearts and thanked the people of Himachal for electing a Congress government,” 

Filed Under: India, News & Politics

Hebbal flyover revamp to restart in Bengaluru

December 16, 2022 by Nasheman

BENGALURU: The revamp of the perennially jampacked Hebbal flyover by Bangalore Development Authority (BDA), which was stopped completely in April 2019, is finally set to restart. The Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Limited (BMRCL) on Wednesday gave the BDA the green signal after it agreed to go back to its original plan of carrying out numerous infra works only on the first level of the flyover. It has given up its plans to build at the second level.

A top BDA official said two lanes will be built in the direction from the airport towards the city only on the first level apart from an underpass. “People entering the city from the airport, who face massive congestion at the Hebbal flyover presently as well as those coming from Yelahanka, Doddaballapur, Jakkur, Doddaballapur, Gauribidanur, Sahakar Nagar, Coffee Board Layout and surrounding areas will benefit from this.”

BMRCL had made the BDA stop work in 2019 apprehensive of the new structures posing issues for its two separate Metro lines which would pass above and beyond the flyover. The State’s High Powered Committee held two meetings this year (April 28 and September 12) with all  agencies to break the deadlock over the issue.

TNIE has a copy of the order issued by BMRCL which states that the Phase-3 Metro on Outer Ring Road West up to Kempapura across Hebbal flyover and Phase-3A Metro from Sarjapur to Hebbal go beyond Hebbal flyover. “All the structures, including widening of the existing flyover and loops and ramps for different directions, should be provided only at Level-1, below or at the end of the existing flyover. The proposed underpass should be planned taking into consideration the alignment and piers of Phase-3 Metro,” it stressed.

PJB Constructions Pvt Ltd was awarded the contract for Rs 80 crore and BDA had already released Rs 25 crore to it. “The foundation work for the project was completed before work was ordered to be stopped,” explained another BDA source. “There will be some cost escalation due to the three-year gap and we will be paying that to the contractor. But work can start shortly,” he added.

Filed Under: bangalore, India

France struck by cold virus ahead of World Cup final

December 16, 2022 by Nasheman

DOHA, Qatar: A cold virus is running through the France squad ahead of the World Cup final against Argentina on Sunday, affecting at least three players in the squad

Coach Didier Deschamps said two players with symptoms, defender Dayot Upamecano and midfielder Adrien Rabiot, were isolated earlier this week and didn’t play in France’s 2-0 semifinal win over Morocco.

Rabiot wasn’t in the lineup in Wednesday’s match at Al Bayt stadium. Upamecano was in the lineup as a substitute but didn’t play. Deschamps said Upamecano was recovering from “three difficult days” since playing in the quarterfinals against England on Saturday.

“However, we have four days until the next game, so he should be available for Sunday,” the coach said, adding back-up winger Kingsley Coman had also felt feverish.

He insisted he expects all his players to be healthy for the final against Argentina.

“It’s ’flu season now, and in that sense, we have to be careful,” he said. “And also, the players have put in a huge shift and their immune system might be a little run down.”

France has been training outdoors in Qatar and Deschamps noted the “use of air conditioners may also affect” how the virus is circulating, echoing comments earlier in the tournament from the Brazil camp.

Seven of the eight World Cup stadiums cool the air at field level while interiors of buildings and transport in Qatar are routinely air-conditioned.

Switzerland also had an outbreak of heavy colds and had two starters missing for a decisive group-stage game against Serbia.

The daytime heat has settled at around 25-27 Celsius (77-81 Fahrenheit) for the final week of the month-long tournament which started with temperatures in the low-30s (high 80s).

The first World Cup to be played in November and December was moved from the usual scheduling in June and July when temperatures in Qatar routinely rise above 40 C (104 F)

“The temperatures have dropped in the last few days, and you always need to be careful,” Deschamps said. “Regarding the virus, we’re not worried, really.”

Filed Under: Sports, World

Bangladesh in trouble at 133-8 after India’s 404 on day 2

December 16, 2022 by Nasheman

CHATTOGRAM: Bangladesh was in deep trouble at 133-8 after India racked up 404 on day two Thursday of the first cricket test.

Bangladesh was behind by 271 runs and at risk of being forced to follow on. The top order again failed to click in a format where it hasn’t won at home since 2020.

Left-arm wrist spinner Kuldeep Yadav claimed 4-33 and fast bowler Mohammed Siraj 3-14 as India took a stranglehold on the test.

After India started the day on 278-6 and added 126 runs, Bangladesh’s misery piled up when opener Najmul Hossain was out to the first delivery when he edged Siraj behind.

Pacer Umesh Yadav claimed Yasir Ali and Bangladesh was 5-2.

Liton Das gave Bangladesh some relief. He counterattacked Umesh with three boundaries in a row until Siraj bowled him for 24.

Siraj got debutant Zakir Hasan to edge behind on 20.

The pressure fell on Mushfiqur Rahim and captain Shakib Al Hasan to rescue the home side. Shakib was out to Kuldeep’s second delivery.

Mushfiqur reacted with sweeps against the India spinners and made a team-best 28 when he was tapped in front after failing to read Kuldeep’s length.

“I was a bit nervous. I was very lucky to get the first wicket in the first over and got the momentum back,” Kuldeep said.

“After a couple of overs, I started feeling well, mixed my pace and variations, tried both the angles — over the wicket and round the wicket. I was getting proper turn, I was actually loving it. After I got injured, I started working on my rhythm, trying to be a bit quicker — that’s helping me a lot.”

Kuldeep reduced Bangladesh to 102-8 after dismissing Taijul Islam for a duck.

At stumps, Mehidy Hasan was batting on 16 with Ebadot Hossain on 13.

“Losing eight wickets is disappointing but there is another three days to go. We need to hang in there and we need to fight hard,” Bangladesh spin bowling coach Rangana Herath said.

Earlier, Kuldeep and Ravichandran Ashwin added 92 runs for the eighth wicket to help propel India past 400 run.

Ashwin scored 58 off 113 balls with two fours and two sixes, and Kuldeep 40. The partnership was key after the dismissal of Shreyas Iyer, India’s last recognized batter.

Iyer was dropped on 85 for the third time in the game. He top-edged a short delivery off pacer Ebadot Hossain but Liton Das put down the catch at fine leg.

Iyer survived on 30 and 67 on day one and, on 77, his bails did not drop despite Ebadot’s delivery hitting the stumps.

The disappointment didn’t last long as Ebadot knocked over the stumps in his next over to dismiss Iyer for 86. His 192-ball innings included 10 fours.

Ashwin hit Mehidy Hasan for a six-over long on and together with Kuldeep they frustrated Bangladesh into the afternoon session. Mehidy broke the partnership and India lost the last three wickets for 19 runs.

Mehidy and Taijul returned four wickets each.

Filed Under: India, Sports

Indian PhD student at Cambridge solves 2,500-year-old Sanskrit puzzle

December 16, 2022 by Nasheman

Rishi Atul Rajpopat
\

BENGALURU:  Rishi Atul Rajpopat (27), PhD scholar from St John’s College, Cambridge, just solved a 2,500-year-old grammar problem in the ancient Sanskrit texts written by 5th-century BC scholar and philologist Panini, that had perplexed traditional and modern researchers all these centuries. A major implication of his breakthrough is that now the algorithm that runs Panini’s grammar can potentially teach this grammar to computers.

Mumbai-born Rajpopat’s PhD thesis, published on Wednesday in the journal Apollo — University of Cambridge Repository and titled ‘In Panini We Trust: Discovering the Algorithm for Rule Conflict Resolution in the Ashtadhyadyi’, has decoded a two-and-a-half-millennia-old algorithm which for the first time has made it possible to accurately use Panini’s ‘language machine’ in his famous Ashtadhyayi.

Rajpopat said Panini’s Ashtadhyayi has around 4,000 rules (sutras) that describe the structure of Sanskrit. “He has given one metarule (a rule that governs the application of other rules) — ‘1.4.2 vipratisedhe param karyam’ — to help us decide which rule should be applied in the event of ‘rule conflict’. But the problem in the last 2,500 years has been that scholars misinterpreted this metarule and added more metarules with grammatically incorrect results,” he explained. Often, two or more of Panini’s rules are simultaneously applicable at the same step, leaving scholars to agonise over which one to choose.

 
“Because of the misunderstanding and misinterpretation by traditional scholars, we were getting grammatically incorrect forms. My dissertation is on the understanding that ‘param’ (in ‘1.4.2 vipratisedhe param karyam’) meant, between rules applicable to the left and right sides of a word, that the user of the grammar should choose the rule applicable to the right side and not the serial order thereafter. I spent a lot of time with a lot of derivatives before I came to the conclusion, because Panini’s algorithms produce grammatically correct words and sentences without errors. His grammar is self-sufficient. I did not add any metarule to understand the master (Panini),” said the researcher.
Rajpopat said once he decoded Panini and his “language machine”, it became easy to feed in the base and suffix words and watch them turn into grammatically correct words and sentences through a step-by-step process.

“Computer scientists working on natural language processing gave up on rule-based approaches over 50 years ago… So teaching computers how to combine the speaker’s intention with Panini’s rule-based grammar to produce human speech would be a major milestone in the history of human interaction with machines, as well as in India’s intellectual history,” he said about the potential of teaching Sanskrit grammar to computers.

“Panini had an extraordinary mind and he built a machine unrivalled in human history. He didn’t expect us to add new ideas to his rules. The more we fiddle with Panini’s grammar, the more it eludes us,” he said.

Speaking about his journey as a research scholar, Rajpopat said he was a student of mathematics.
“I was always into patterns, problem solving, coding, numbers etc. I did my graduation in economics but for postgraduation, I wanted to take up a subject I loved. During one of my visits to a Navaratri pandal, I was informed about a retired professor in Mumbai, who taught Panini’s grammar. I approached her and joined her classes,” he narrated. Rajpopat did his Masters at Oxford, and met his supervisor at Cambridge, Professor of Sanskrit, Vincenzo Vergiani, who motivated and mentored him during his research.

Rajpopat’s research may now mean that Panini’s grammar can be taught to computers for the first time.
“I learnt that asking the right questions is a skill. One has to be obsessed about one’s work. The role of a teacher cannot be undervalued,” he said.

“What the Cambridge scholar (Rishi Rajpopat) seems to have done is to discover that a new interpretation of the word ‘Param’ (in Ashtadhyayi) can result in more natural derivations and without having to add many rules for exceptions that arise with the earlier interpretations… His new interpretation is that the word ‘Param’ in the metarule is applicable in the part that is on the “right side” of the word, not the rule that comes later in the Ashtadhyayi.

This seems to reduce the number of exceptions and hence be easier to explain and understand. Note that this observation has to be validated by scholars of Sanskrit after a close reading of the thesis and its applicability to the whole corpus of Sanskrit. Also, note that the structure of Ashtadhyayi is more or less the same except when it comes to selecting the next rule when there is contention in the contexts discussed earlier. However, the contribution is significant as this issue has occupied the great grammarians for the past two-three millennia.”– Prof K Gopinath, Senior Professor, Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Department, Plaksha University, Mohali (formerly with Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru)

Filed Under: India, News & Politics

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