Archives for March 2018

London: Nobel Prize-winning physicist Professor Stephen Hawking, who shaped modern cosmology and inspired millions despite suffering from a life-threatening condition, died on Wednesday. He was 76.

His family released a statement in the early hours of Wednesday confirming his death at his home in Cambridge, The Guardian reported.

“We are deeply saddened that our beloved father passed away today. He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work and legacy will live on for many years,” Hawking’s children said in a statement.

“His courage and persistence with his brilliance and humour inspired people across the world. He once said, aIt would not be much of a universe if it wasn’t home to the people you love.’ We will miss him for ever,” the statement added.

Hawking is survived by three children — Robert, Lucy and Timothy — from his first marriage to Jane Wilde, and three grandchildren.

Hawking was born on Januart 8, 1942 in Oxford, England.

Known the world over for his acclaimed book “A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes”, Hawking was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) — a progressive neuro-degenerative disease — in 1963 at age 21.

Hawking’s doctors gave him nearly two years to live but he defied the medical history and survived for decades.

For the rest of his life, the physicist used a wheelchair to move around and a speech synthesizer that allowed him to speak in a computerised voice with an American accent.

For Hawking, the early diagnosis of his terminal disease ignited a fresh sense of purpose.

“Although there was a cloud hanging over my future, I found, to my surprise, that I was enjoying life in the present more than before. I began to make progress with my research,” he once said.

“My goal is simple. It is a complete understanding of the universe, why it is as it is and why it exists at all,” Hawking added.

With fellow physicist Roger Penrose, Hawking merged Einstein’s theory of relativity with quantum theory, suggesting that space and time would begin with Big Bang and end in black holes.

In 1974, Hawking proposed what is known as his most significant theory that black holes can emit sub-atomic particles.

Published for the first time in 1988, “A Brief History of Time” stayed on the Sunday Times bestsellers list for an unprecedented 237 weeks. It sold 10 million copies and was translated into 40 different languages.

Shocked Hawking fans took to Twitter to mourn his death.

“Stephen Hawking, confined to a wheel chair, had thoughts flicker in his brain that changed the world more than entire generations of modern politicians. With some luck, with his passing will come some perspective as well as appreciation,” wrote David Rothkopf.

The physicist’s inspiring story gave birth to the 2014 movie “The Theory of Everything,” which was based on a memoir by Hawking’s first wife Wilde.

Actor Eddie Redmayne’s portrayal of Hawking in the film won him an Oscar for Best Actor.

(IANS)

Eyewitnesses told Amnesty the Rohingya were forcibly evicted to make way for military bases [Thein Zaw/AP]

by Al Jazeera

Myanmar is building military bases over flattened Rohingya villages, an international rights group said.

Security forces have bulldozed houses and started constructing at least three new security facilities in Myanmar’s western Rakhine state, said Amnesty International’s Remaking Rakhine State report, which was published on Monday.

The report, which said construction of the three army outposts began in January, is based on satellite imagery and witness statements from Rohingya refugees.

“What we are seeing in Rakhine state is a land grab by the military on a dramatic scale. New bases are being erected to house the very same security forces that have committed crimes against humanity against Rohingya,” Tirana Hassan, Amnesty’s crisis response director, said.

“The new construction is entrenching the already dehumanising discrimination they have faced in Myanmar.”

Nearly 700,000 Rohingya have fled Myanmar since last August as a result of a government crackdown launched in the wake of deadly attacks on military posts by members of the Arakan Rohingya Solidarity Army (ARSA).

Eyewitnesses told Amnesty that Rohingya in Buthidaung township had been forcibly evicted from their homes to make way for the development. Al Jazeera was not able to independently verify those claims.

‘Not a military land grab’

Myint Khine, a government administrator in Rakhine, told Al Jazeera the developments were not a “military land grab”.

“We have been using bulldozers for building roads and construction … not for military [purposes],” Khine said.

Hundreds of Rohingya villages have been torched and at least 55 settlements completely bulldozed, since the ongoing crisis began, according to Human Rights Watch.

The majority of those displaced have sought refuge in neighbouring Bangladesh.

According to the UN, the exodus marks the fastest growing refugee crisis in the world.

Ro Nay San Lwin, a Rohingya activist, told Al Jazeera that Myanmar will “never allow” the Muslim minority to return to Rakhine state.

“It is clear that as a part of genocide they have destructed the Rohingya homes and confiscated everything,” Lwin said. “They will never allow the Rohingya to return to their original villages.”

The Rohingya, one of the most persecuted communities in the world, are not recognised as citizens of Myanmar and have for decades faced widespread discrimination from authorities.

Prior to the current exodus, tens of thousands of Rohingya have already been living as refugees in several neighbouring countries.

Myanmar and Bangladesh announced a repatriation deal in January, but rights groups and Rohingya have raised concerns about the agreement, saying it does not guarantee full citizenship or safety for those who return.

‘Atmosphere of panic’
Laura Haigh, Amnesty’s Myanmar researcher, told Al Jazeera the demolition of their villages has created an “atmosphere of panic” among the Rohingya.

“What we need to see is the Myanmar government saying this is Rohingya land and saving it for them,” Haigh said.

“[Instead] there’s a growing sense this [militarisation] is going to be a threat to safety and security, and there’s worry about violence happening again.”

Although the Amnesty report refers to the construction of three security bases, in the Maungdaw and Buthidaung townships, there is growing evidence more facilities are being developed, Haigh added.

“Every time we go back to look at specific locations, we are seeing changes on a day-to-day basis. It’s not just about the scale of change, it’s also about the pace,” she said.

Border tensions
The ongoing turmoil in Rakhine state has also created flashpoints between Myanmar and neighbouring Bangladesh.

Earlier this month, Myanmar deployed some 200 troops to its border with Bangladesh, close to a nearby strip of land between the two that is home to about 6,000 Rohingya refugees.

The area falls within Myanmar’s territory but is widely referred to as “no man’s land” because it lies beyond the country’s border fence.

Myanmar said the move was part of an operation to target the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA) fighters operating in the region.

Security forces – who reportedly issued warnings using loudspeakers for Rohingya to leave the “no man’s land” – were later pulled back after Bangladesh summoned Myanmar’s ambassador over the incident.

Kyaw Win, founder of the Burma Human Rights Network, told Al Jazeera that Myanmar authorities are still attempting to force Rohingya remaining in Rakhine into Bangladesh.

“Burma is starving remaining Rohingya in Rakhine state and this is forcing them to flee,” Win said.

On Monday, the UN’s Special Rapporteur Yanghee Lee also said Myanmar’s government appeared to be pursuing a policy of starvation.

Lee, who was reporting to the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva, said the results of a UN fact-finding mission in Myanmar “bear the hallmarks of genocide” by the country’s authorities.